Abstract Background Classical genetic studies indicate that nicotine dependence is a substantially heritable complex disorder.Genetic vulnerabilities to nicotine dependence largely overlap with genetic vulnerabilities to dependence on other addictive substances.Successful abstinence from nicotine displays substantial heritable components as well.So
ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe 2 spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks complicating treatment of macroprolactinoma (MPRL) with External Module dopamine agonist (DA) therapy.Methods: We present the 2 cases of spontaneous, DA-related CSF leaks.Prolactin levels were used to assess hyperprolactinemia.Beta-2 transferrin was tested in rhinorrhea
During adolescence, the brain Meeting Table is highly susceptible to alcohol-induced damage and subsequent neuroimmune responses, effects which may enhance development of an alcohol use disorder (AUD).Neuroimmune reactions are implicated in adolescent alcohol exposure escalating adulthood drinking.Therefore, we investigated whether intermittent alc